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A walk through time

More than 10,000 years in and around this corner of Navarro County, in order, from an ancient sea floor to today. Each stop is marked by what backs it: the record, someone's account, or legend.

On the record
documented.
As told
an account we can credit to a person or a publication, not confirmed by the record.
Legend
told locally, unproven.

Long before people

Deep time

  1. Long before people

    The sea floor

    Deeper, and just to the northwest, lies Kemp Clay: the floor of a sea from the last age of the dinosaurs.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: Why the water stays →

More than 10,000 years ago

The creeks draw people

  1. More than 10,000 years ago

    An Ice Age spear point

    Archaeologists recorded over 300 prehistoric sites along Richland Creek, from an Ice Age spear point to camps that followed acorns, deer, fish and mussels.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: People of the Creeks →

  2. For centuries

    Hunting country

    Tawakoni, Kichai, Waco, Caddo, Comanche and others later hunted this country.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: People of the Creeks →

  3. By the 1700s

    Tawakoni country

    By the 1700s, this was Tawakoni country. The Tawakoni, one of the Wichita peoples, first appear in European records in 1719, on the Canadian River.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: Whose Land This Was First →

  4. Before the plough

    The prairie

    This is the Northern Blackland Prairie. Its native grasses included little bluestem, big bluestem, Indiangrass and switchgrass, shaped by fire and bison.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: What the Prairie Was →

1838–1873

Surveyors and settlers

  1. October 1838

    The Surveyors' Fight

    In October 1838, about 25 surveyors were working west of here, near present-day Dawson, mapping land grants promised to veterans of the Texas Revolution, in country the tribes still hunted. It is remembered as the Battle Creek Fight, or the Surveyors' Fight, and a state marker stands at the common grave.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: Ground Worth Fighting Over →

  2. 1842–1845

    Mercer's Colony

    Families of Mercer's Colony clustered around the ridge between 1842 and 1845 for protection.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: The Promised-Land View →

  3. 1844

    A mountain's name

    In 1844, Eleazar Nash came from Massachusetts and named the Pisgah settlement; he later left for the California gold rush. On this ridge, two of the early settlements were called Mount Pisgah and Mount Nebo.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: The Promised-Land View →

  4. About 1850

    The Old Springfield Road

    The Old Springfield Road carried travelers between Houston and North Texas and crossed Richland Creek at the Love bridge. By about 1850 there was a stage inn near Richland Crossing.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: The Promised-Land View →

  5. 9 February 1855

    Nubbin Lane

    Near Pisgah Ridge, overlapping surveys and friction between old settlers and newcomers set the Love family against Dr. William Nicks Anderson, agent for the Mercer Colony. On 9 February 1855, on a stretch of the Old Springfield Road called Nubbin Lane, William M. Love shot Anderson.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: Ground Worth Fighting Over →

  6. 1869

    A gunfighter teaches school

    Between those two killings, by his own account, the gunfighter John Wesley Hardin taught school on the ridge. All of this comes from Hardin's autobiography, published in 1896, and we pass it on as he told it.

    Evidence: As told

    Read: Ground Worth Fighting Over →

  7. 19 May 1873

    Eighteen years later

    Eighteen years passed. On 19 May 1873, William Love was killed near the same spot. Ham Anderson, the widow's son, and Alec Barekman were charged.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: Ground Worth Fighting Over →

1871–1907

Rails and ridge towns

  1. 1871

    The railroad passes by

    In 1871 the railroad came through Richland instead, and the ridge towns began to drain away.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: The Promised-Land View →

  2. 1872–1907

    Pursley

    The nearest named community is Pursley Probably named for W. H. Pursley, who settled some 1,200 acres after the Civil War, it had a post office from 1872 to 1907.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: Pursley Country →

  3. 1890s

    Two saloons

    Richland had two saloons in the 1890s.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: Legends of the Ridge →

  4. 1891

    A post office for one year

    Pisgah got its own post office in 1891 and lost it the next year.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: The Promised-Land View →

  5. About 1900

    Pisgah's last busy years

    Around 1900 it still had a school, stores, a church and a cotton gin with a gristmill.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: The Promised-Land View →

1894–1960s

Outlaws, storms and oil

  1. 9 June 1894

    Drilling for water, striking oil

    On 9 June 1894, a crew drilling a new water well for the city of Corsicana struck oil instead. The strike grew into Texas's first commercial oil field.

    Evidence: On the record
  2. 1927

    Outlaw ridge

    In October 1927, robbers hit the First State Bank of Richland, and their getaway car was seen in the Richland Creek bottom. The next month, a car used by bank robbers from Tehuacana was found burned on Pisgah Ridge.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: Legends of the Ridge →

  3. 6 May 1930

    The Frost tornado

    On 6 May 1930, a tornado struck the town of Frost, killed at least 22 people there and destroyed much of its business district.

    Evidence: On the record
  4. 1950s

    The ridge loses its peak

    Its high point, 561 feet, was leveled by a landowner in the 1950s.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: The Promised-Land View →

  5. Mid-1960s

    A cemetery and a few houses

    By the mid-1960s, it was a cemetery and a few houses.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: The Promised-Land View →

1987–today

The lake and the lights

  1. 1987

    A new lake

    On 14 July 1987, Richland-Chambers Reservoir began to hold back water. By May 1989, the lake was full.

    Evidence: On the record
  2. Before the water came

    What the lake covered

    Before the water came, SMU archaeologists recorded 194 historic sites in the basin, dating from about 1840 to 1940. They included log cabins, the houses of what the archaeologists called frontier plantations along Richland Creek, tenant farms and a brick kiln.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: Freedom's Ground & What the Lake Covered →

  3. August 2009

    A report from Freestone County

    Navarro County's count in the Bigfoot Field Researchers Organization's online database, as of September 2026: zero. The nearest report on their books is from August 2009.

    Evidence: As told

    Read: Legends of the Ridge →

  4. 2011

    A marker for the feud

    A Texas Historical Commission marker placed near Richland in 2011 tells the story.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: Ground Worth Fighting Over →

  5. 2019

    More deer

    In 2019, the state noted several years of white-tailed deer growth in Navarro County.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: Who walks here at night →

  6. 2020

    A lion passes through

    Texas Parks and Wildlife has not confirmed a lion in Navarro County, or any county around it, since its records began in 1982, as of September 2026. The closest confirmed, in Dallas County in 2020, was most likely a young male passing through.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: Legends of the Ridge →

  7. 2022

    The red lights

    Stay out after dark and the western horizon starts to pulse red. The project came online in 2022, with a capacity of about 299 megawatts.

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: Red Lights in Unison →

  8. 26 September 2026

    Who walks here now

    The ranch's cameras have caught a sounder of five or six.

    Wild hogs
    6
    Deer
    5
    Raccoons
    2

    Most seen in one camera frame, night of 26 September 2026. Partial count. · Full moon

    Evidence: On the record

    Read: Who walks here at night →


Sources

  • Handbook of Texas Online (TSHA): "Corsicana Oilfield"; "Frost, TX"
  • Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991 (1993), via Tornado Talk
  • Texas Water Development Board, "Richland-Chambers Reservoir"
  • Every other stop's sources are listed on its story page.

Corrections: if something here is wrong, or you know more, write to [email protected].